📋 Manual Testing Fundamentals
Test plan, test strategy, test case anatomy, RTM, and test execution.
What is a Test Plan?
A Test Plan is a comprehensive document describing the test scope, objectives, schedule, resources, deliverables, and risk management strategy for a testing project (following IEEE 829 standards).
Anatomy of a Test Case
A test case is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester determines whether a system operates correctly.
| Field | Description | Sample Value |
|---|---|---|
| Test Case ID | Unique identifier for reference | TC_LOGIN_001 |
| Title / Description | Short summary of test objective | Verify login with valid credentials |
| Preconditions | Prerequisites before test execution | User is registered and on /login page |
| Test Steps | Step-by-step instructions | 1. Enter valid email 2. Enter password 3. Click Submit |
| Test Data | Inputs provided to application | email: user@test.com, pass: Secret123! |
| Expected Result | Behavior expected from system | User redirected to Dashboard |
| Actual Result | Observed system behavior | User redirected to Dashboard |
| Status | Pass / Fail / Blocked | PASS |
Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM)
An RTM is a document matching requirements to test cases. It guarantees 100% test coverage and ensures no functional specification is missed.
rtm-example.csv
Text
Req_ID, Requirement_Desc, Test_Case_ID, Status REQ_01, User Login with Email, TC_LOGIN_001, PASS REQ_01, User Login with Email, TC_LOGIN_002, PASS REQ_02, Password Reset Link, TC_PASS_001, FAIL